Refraction of shear zones in granular materials.
نویسنده
چکیده
We study strain localization in slow shear flow focusing on layered granular materials. A heretofore unknown effect is presented here. We show that shear zones are refracted at material interfaces in analogy with refraction of light beams in optics. This phenomenon can be obtained as a consequence of a recent variational model of shear zones. The predictions of the model are tested and confirmed by 3D discrete element simulations. We found that shear zones follow Snell's law of light refraction.
منابع مشابه
Experimental demonstration of Snell's law for shear zone refraction in granular materials.
We present experiments on slow shear flow in granular materials. Under appropriate conditions shear localizes in narrow shear zones. We demonstrate that when the shear zone crosses a material boundary, it refracts in accordance with Snell's law in optics-an effect first found in simulations [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 018301 (2007)]. The shear zone is the one that minimizes the dissipation rate upon ...
متن کاملShear zones in granular materials: optimization in a self-organized random potential.
We introduce a model to describe the wide shear zones observed in modified Couette cell experiments with granular material. The model is a generalization of the recently proposed approach based on a variational principle. The instantaneous shear band is identified with the surface that minimizes the dissipation in a random potential that is biased by the local velocity difference and pressure. ...
متن کاملEffect of Grain Shape on Creation of Vortex/anti-vortex- Structures in Granular Bodies Using Dem
Granular vortex structures (swirling motion of several grains around its central point) were frequently observed in experiments on granular materials and in calculations using the discrete element method (DEM). They became apparent when the motion associated with uniform (affine) strain was subtracted from the actual granular deformation. The dominant mechanism responsible for the vortex format...
متن کاملEvolution of shear zones in granular materials.
The evolution of wide shear zones or shear bands was investigated experimentally and numerically for quasistatic dry granular flows in split bottom shear cells. We compare the behavior of materials consisting of beads, irregular grains, such as sand, and elongated particles. Shearing an initially random sample, the zone width was found to significantly decrease in the first stage of the process...
متن کاملRelationship between head wave amplitudes and seismic refraction velocities to detect lateral variation in the refractor
Refractor ambiguities are big problem in seismic refraction method especially in seismic engineering. There can be hidden subsurface geological phenomena such as hidden faults and shear zones which are not simply predicted by the travel-time graph or some geophysical methods. Head wave amplitudes are used to show the resolution of refractor ambiguities and the existence of anisotropy in complex...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
- Physical review letters
دوره 98 1 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2007